Tēma: Piiiiii, bet ne politika

Kopš: 31. Oct 2010

No: Salaspils

Ziņojumi: 3333

Braucu ar: Kraftfahrzeuge Trunkenpolz Mattighofen

08 Jun 2018, 13:16:18 nauriz rakstīja:
Skati ejot, laikam, bija jāmaksā arī par nodokļa iekasēšanu, tā kā šis vēl nav stulbākais skaidrojums un pakalpojums. Beigās vēl pieliks samaksu, par samaksas iekasēšanu.

Offline

Kopš: 25. Apr 2009

No: Jūrmala

Ziņojumi: 1352

Braucu ar: DL1000 `16 + e39 540i ar LSD

Offline

Kopš: 04. Apr 2015

No: Jūrmala

Ziņojumi: 144

Braucu ar: HD

[ Šo ziņu laboja Aspids, 08 Jun 2018, 21:33:56 ]

Offline

Kopš: 22. Apr 2008

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 13384

Braucu ar: Husqvarna TE300i, 1290 Super Adventure un TLC120

08 Jun 2018, 21:28:38 Aspids rakstīja:
Labās malas braucējiem
https://www.facebook.com/GasolineSociety/videos...h3tI&fref=nf

Kā teica Mežamāris,dabīgā atlase nav atcelta

Offline

Kopš: 20. Jun 2011

Ziņojumi: 5287

Braucu ar:

Offline

Kopš: 15. Oct 2017

No: Jūrmala

Ziņojumi: 23

Braucu ar: F650Gs Dakar

Offline

Kopš: 29. Sep 2017

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 55

Braucu ar: Honda CB650F

08 Jun 2018, 23:41:29 Midis rakstīja:
Šis labs Jāpērk ķīneizeru ķivere - tonna pār galvu un po

Offline

Kopš: 22. Apr 2008

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 13384

Braucu ar: Husqvarna TE300i, 1290 Super Adventure un TLC120

08 Jun 2018, 22:20:36 mezamaris rakstīja:
Džekam paveicās,jo konteiners acīmredzot bija tukšs.

Offline

Kopš: 24. May 2013

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 1866

Braucu ar: VISU

09 Jun 2018, 00:49:17 Archy96 rakstīja:

08 Jun 2018, 22:20:36 mezamaris rakstīja:
Džekam paveicās,jo konteiners acīmredzot bija tukšs.

Tur galvaskauss paņēma visu slodzi uz sevis, ķivere tikai no nobrāzuma pasargāja

Offline

Kopš: 08. Dec 2010

Ziņojumi: 8117

Braucu ar:

15 Aug 2018, 17:41:24 Niere rakstīja:
ar 2020.gadu kirdik 2T moču ērai. sarkanzaļie mūdži nožmiedza er Euro 5 uz visiem laikiem.
4T moči gan jau arī paliks dārgāki, sarežģītāki un jaudas apdalīti.
sarkanais mēris (klimata bulšits) rullē visās frontēs!!(((((((

Archy un citi 2T karsēji, steidziet krāt piķi pēdējiem šīs brīnišķās sugas eksemplāriem!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Could Euro 5 emissions legislation mean the disappearance of two-stroke engines?

From January 1 2020, tough Euro 5 limits will apply to new motorcycles and mopeds. Designed to ensure this category of vehicles will pollute less, the regulation sets stringent limits for a number of tailpipe emissions that could be tough for two-stroke applications to meet.

Since 1997, the European Commission has been implementing Euro standards to reduce air pollutant emissions from two and three wheelers – known as L-category vehicles. The primary objective of this activity has been to reduce the share of total road transport emissions from these vehicles compared to other on-road sources. The first iterations of the regulation (Euro 1 to 3) focused on the reduction of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

To ensure compliance, manufacturers have introduced more precise fuel injection and advanced combustion technologies to manage the fuel and added catalytic converters to treat the exhaust gasses. The protection of these sensitive catalysts has been a topic high on the industry agenda for some time.

In the future, some degree of lubricant phosphorus restriction or in-use performance targets for catalytic convertors could be required. However, on the lubricant side, there is a need to strike a balance with gear pitting performance, which currently sets a minimum lubricant phosphorus level.

Euro 4 and 5
In January 2013, Regulation (EU) No. 168/2013 expanded the number of L-categories and established implementation dates for future standards. Euro 4, which represented a huge leap compared to Euro 3, was introduced for all new motorcycles in 2017. To pass, bikes not only need to meet tougher emissions limits but also pass an evaporative emissions (SHED) test, run on-board self-diagnostic systems (OBD1), and prove they would still pass the tests after 20,000 km of service.

The next round of emissions cuts is on the horizon. Euro 5 is scheduled from 2020 for new motorcycles and for all L-category vehicles by 2021.

Here, along with a further tightening of CO, HC and NOx limits, we can expect the introduction of a new particulate matter (PM) limit of 0.045 g/km for all L-category vehicles.

However, once again the change does not stop at tightening emissions limits. The required Euro 5 performance must now be achieved under the new world motorcycle test cycle (WMCT) driving cycle – which is designed to represent typical driving conditions. In addition, the bike must be able to meet the Euro 5 requirements over its lifetime, which means a new style of on-board diagnostic system (OBD2) will be required. This will allow the bike to self-diagnose and self-correct to ensure emissions control is maintained.

Tightening Euro emissions limits

When we look down the Euro 5 parameters, particulate number (PN) limits are significant by their absence from the list. It appears that the regulators deem PM restrictions alone to be sufficient at this stage. This means that the widespread use of particulate filters on this category of vehicle is unlikely for the foreseeable future.

No CO2 or fuel economy mandates
Perhaps more of a surprise than the lack of any PN limits is that there appear to be no plans for the new Euro 5 standard to impose carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions limits or fuel economy performance targets. This is possibly because, when compared to other on-road sources, the CO2 contribution from motorcycles is very small. In addition, fuel economy targets would result in only small reductions in consumption, which would be unlikely to repay the regulatory effort required to introduce and enforce them.

To comply with the new Euro 5 regulation, CO2 emissions must be determined and fuel consumption calculated or measured.

Both must then be reported as part of the type-approval process and indicated on the certificate of conformity.

2-stroke demise
The tightening emissions limits and generally tougher requirements being introduced in Euro 5 will be very difficult for two-stroke (2T) applications to meet. This is mainly because 2T engine design allows some of the unburnt fuel/oil mixture to pass direct into the exhaust, producing high HC and PM emissions.

Direct fuel injection (DFI) is one option that is being looked at by some 2T OEMs - notably Honda and KTM - to reduce these emissions. However, it is not without its drawbacks. First, the injectors can be very expensive. Second, DFI engines can be prone to deposit build up behind the rings since they run hotter than conventional 2T engines. It seems likely that lubricants with strong dispersancy will be required to ensure their trouble-free operation.

Some manufacturers are developing catalysed high porosity wall flow particulate filters for two-stroke exhausts that, in addition to reducing CO and HC, also significantly reduce PM. The use of oils specifically formulated for 2T applications can also be used to help reduce PM emissions.

It is evident that changes in the motorcycle world are coming. It is unclear if readying 2T engines for Euro 5 will be more complex and costly than switching to four-stroke.

Perhaps this could finally mean the disappearance of 2T applications from the L-category altogether. Whatever the outcome, we can expect the change to create opportunities for the development of motorcycle-specific lubricants to support OEMs in the evolution of their equipment.

Offline

Kopš: 22. Apr 2008

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 13384

Braucu ar: Husqvarna TE300i, 1290 Super Adventure un TLC120

15 Aug 2018, 21:09:27 Niere rakstīja:
pārcēlu no eļļu tēmas, te atbilstošāk, jo pilnīgs pī.

15 Aug 2018, 17:41:24 Niere rakstīja:
ar 2020.gadu kirdik 2T moču ērai. sarkanzaļie mūdži nožmiedza er Euro 5 uz visiem laikiem.
4T moči gan jau arī paliks dārgāki, sarežģītāki un jaudas apdalīti.
sarkanais mēris (klimata bulšits) rullē visās frontēs!!(((((((

Archy un citi 2T karsēji, steidziet krāt piķi pēdējiem šīs brīnišķās sugas eksemplāriem!
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Could Euro 5 emissions legislation mean the disappearance of two-stroke engines?

From January 1 2020, tough Euro 5 limits will apply to new motorcycles and mopeds. Designed to ensure this category of vehicles will pollute less, the regulation sets stringent limits for a number of tailpipe emissions that could be tough for two-stroke applications to meet.

Since 1997, the European Commission has been implementing Euro standards to reduce air pollutant emissions from two and three wheelers – known as L-category vehicles. The primary objective of this activity has been to reduce the share of total road transport emissions from these vehicles compared to other on-road sources. The first iterations of the regulation (Euro 1 to 3) focused on the reduction of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

To ensure compliance, manufacturers have introduced more precise fuel injection and advanced combustion technologies to manage the fuel and added catalytic converters to treat the exhaust gasses. The protection of these sensitive catalysts has been a topic high on the industry agenda for some time.

In the future, some degree of lubricant phosphorus restriction or in-use performance targets for catalytic convertors could be required. However, on the lubricant side, there is a need to strike a balance with gear pitting performance, which currently sets a minimum lubricant phosphorus level.

Euro 4 and 5
In January 2013, Regulation (EU) No. 168/2013 expanded the number of L-categories and established implementation dates for future standards. Euro 4, which represented a huge leap compared to Euro 3, was introduced for all new motorcycles in 2017. To pass, bikes not only need to meet tougher emissions limits but also pass an evaporative emissions (SHED) test, run on-board self-diagnostic systems (OBD1), and prove they would still pass the tests after 20,000 km of service.

The next round of emissions cuts is on the horizon. Euro 5 is scheduled from 2020 for new motorcycles and for all L-category vehicles by 2021.

Here, along with a further tightening of CO, HC and NOx limits, we can expect the introduction of a new particulate matter (PM) limit of 0.045 g/km for all L-category vehicles.

However, once again the change does not stop at tightening emissions limits. The required Euro 5 performance must now be achieved under the new world motorcycle test cycle (WMCT) driving cycle – which is designed to represent typical driving conditions. In addition, the bike must be able to meet the Euro 5 requirements over its lifetime, which means a new style of on-board diagnostic system (OBD2) will be required. This will allow the bike to self-diagnose and self-correct to ensure emissions control is maintained.

Tightening Euro emissions limits

When we look down the Euro 5 parameters, particulate number (PN) limits are significant by their absence from the list. It appears that the regulators deem PM restrictions alone to be sufficient at this stage. This means that the widespread use of particulate filters on this category of vehicle is unlikely for the foreseeable future.

No CO2 or fuel economy mandates
Perhaps more of a surprise than the lack of any PN limits is that there appear to be no plans for the new Euro 5 standard to impose carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions limits or fuel economy performance targets. This is possibly because, when compared to other on-road sources, the CO2 contribution from motorcycles is very small. In addition, fuel economy targets would result in only small reductions in consumption, which would be unlikely to repay the regulatory effort required to introduce and enforce them.

To comply with the new Euro 5 regulation, CO2 emissions must be determined and fuel consumption calculated or measured.

Both must then be reported as part of the type-approval process and indicated on the certificate of conformity.

2-stroke demise
The tightening emissions limits and generally tougher requirements being introduced in Euro 5 will be very difficult for two-stroke (2T) applications to meet. This is mainly because 2T engine design allows some of the unburnt fuel/oil mixture to pass direct into the exhaust, producing high HC and PM emissions.

Direct fuel injection (DFI) is one option that is being looked at by some 2T OEMs - notably Honda and KTM - to reduce these emissions. However, it is not without its drawbacks. First, the injectors can be very expensive. Second, DFI engines can be prone to deposit build up behind the rings since they run hotter than conventional 2T engines. It seems likely that lubricants with strong dispersancy will be required to ensure their trouble-free operation.

Some manufacturers are developing catalysed high porosity wall flow particulate filters for two-stroke exhausts that, in addition to reducing CO and HC, also significantly reduce PM. The use of oils specifically formulated for 2T applications can also be used to help reduce PM emissions.

It is evident that changes in the motorcycle world are coming. It is unclear if readying 2T engines for Euro 5 will be more complex and costly than switching to four-stroke.

Perhaps this could finally mean the disappearance of 2T applications from the L-category altogether. Whatever the outcome, we can expect the change to create opportunities for the development of motorcycle-specific lubricants to support OEMs in the evolution of their equipment.

Offline

Kopš: 22. Apr 2008

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 13384

Braucu ar: Husqvarna TE300i, 1290 Super Adventure un TLC120

[ Šo ziņu laboja Archy96, 15 Aug 2018, 23:39:04 ]

Offline

Kopš: 02. Oct 2009

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 5367

Braucu ar: Enduro pa tuksnesi

31 May 2018, 18:05:26 RU rakstīja:
Jums kā pieredzējušiem braucējiem varbūt ir vienalga.
Parasti pa labo malu spiežas skūteristi un iesācēji, kas varētu būt arī šajā gadījumā (cbr125). Un tie vēl nav sapratuši dzīvi uz ceļa.
Un vēl ir tādi, kas izspraucas pa vidu, līdz krustojumam un apstājas starp priekšējām mašīnām, nevis izbrauc tām priekšā, palaižot citus ar moto braucošos.
Es tikai par to, lai mazāk traumu uz ceļa.

Offline

Kopš: 20. Jun 2011

Ziņojumi: 5287

Braucu ar:

15 Aug 2018, 23:38:18 Archy96 rakstīja:
P.S. Vides aktīvisti un "zaļie" - pipeles, pilnīgas pipeles, prātu izkūkojuši pilsoņi, kuri laikam gribētu lai mēs atgriežamies akmens laikmetā, ēdam sēnes (labāk zāli) un dzīvojam zaru būdās, kuras būvētas no zariem, kuri dabiski paši nolūzuši, nevis nocirsti

Tā iet, kad cilvēki dzīvē nevar paši sev pielietojumu atrast, tad atliek tikai pievērsties šādām murgainām "pasaules glābšanas misijām".


PIPELES.

Offline

Kopš: 02. Oct 2009

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 5367

Braucu ar: Enduro pa tuksnesi

08 Jun 2018, 21:46:57 Archy96 rakstīja:

08 Jun 2018, 21:28:38 Aspids rakstīja:
Labās malas braucējiem
https://www.facebook.com/GasolineSociety/videos...h3tI&fref=nf

Kā teica Mežamāris,dabīgā atlase nav atcelta

Kā tā ķīnas ķiveres parodija saplacinājās

Offline

Kopš: 12. May 2015

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 208

Braucu ar: 701 un īsts fāteru pasāts

15 Aug 2018, 23:51:51 mezamaris rakstīja:

15 Aug 2018, 23:38:18 Archy96 rakstīja:
P.S. Vides aktīvisti un "zaļie" - pipeles, pilnīgas pipeles, prātu izkūkojuši pilsoņi, kuri laikam gribētu lai mēs atgriežamies akmens laikmetā, ēdam sēnes (labāk zāli) un dzīvojam zaru būdās, kuras būvētas no zariem, kuri dabiski paši nolūzuši, nevis nocirsti

Tā iet, kad cilvēki dzīvē nevar paši sev pielietojumu atrast, tad atliek tikai pievērsties šādām murgainām "pasaules glābšanas misijām".


PIPELES.

Nē,tas ir labi pārdomāts rekets.Iedomājies kādus miljardus izspiež no ražotājiem...

Offline

Kopš: 14. May 2014

No: Rīga

Ziņojumi: 138

Braucu ar: VFR1200X

15 Aug 2018, 23:59:31 Negantelis rakstīja:

08 Jun 2018, 21:46:57 Archy96 rakstīja:

08 Jun 2018, 21:28:38 Aspids rakstīja:
Labās malas braucējiem
https://www.facebook.com/GasolineSociety/videos...h3tI&fref=nf

Kā teica Mežamāris,dabīgā atlase nav atcelta

Kā tā ķīnas ķiveres parodija saplacinājās

Pirms pāris gadiem šādi gāja bojā motopolicists kas pakrita zem troljbusa.

Offline

Kopš: 18. Jun 2016

No: Cēsis

Ziņojumi: 108

Braucu ar: Fartwind

16 Aug 2018, 10:46:21 agraiz rakstīja:

15 Aug 2018, 23:59:31 Negantelis rakstīja:

08 Jun 2018, 21:46:57 Archy96 rakstīja:

08 Jun 2018, 21:28:38 Aspids rakstīja:
Labās malas braucējiem
https://www.facebook.com/GasolineSociety/videos...h3tI&fref=nf

Kā teica Mežamāris,dabīgā atlase nav atcelta

Kā tā ķīnas ķiveres parodija saplacinājās

Pirms pāris gadiem šādi gāja bojā motopolicists kas pakrita zem troljbusa.

šo derētu noskatīties visiem "gudrīšiem" kam patīk līst garām pa labo pusi. Lai gan protams lielāko ties tie ir "sūkātāji"ar skūteriem un velopisēdisti, pa retam ir arī kāds brālis motociklists kas šādi izpildās

Offline

Kopš: 27. Sep 2012

No: Ogre

Ziņojumi: 2718

Braucu ar: R1150Gs. F650Gs

Offline

Kopš: 27. Sep 2012

No: Ogre

Ziņojumi: 2718

Braucu ar: R1150Gs. F650Gs

Offline